Wordpress is best installed properly and not copied from another server. It stores some important info internally at install time and then uses that to run. This will almost always cause problems if you just copy it from another installation.
Old version can be found on the wordpress site if you are using an old version.
The install does all the checks for you and gives you nice helpfull error messages and is really easy to run. See 5 min install instructions.
I am having the exact same problem. I have also been struggling with a lot of forum posts on the web, tried various different suggestions, nothing worked so far.