Both Windows updates KB5042099 and KB5041585 are installed on my system and I can connect to PhpMyAdmin 5.2.1 under MySQL 9.0.1 and PHP 8.3.10 with the root user without a password and without any error message.
Similarly, connecting with a root user with a password created via the MySQL console poses no problem.
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Documentation Apache -
Documentation PHP -
Documentation MySQL -
Wampserver install files & addons